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  • Search PIN Codes & Post Office Details Online

    Use the search box given below to find places and their corresponding pin code. To get pincode of a place or post office use the first first search box. In order to find a place using pin code, use the second search box. The last three digits of a pin code comprise the special code of a particular post office.

    • First 2 digits together indicates one of the 19 postal circles.
    • In a vast country like India, it can be a task to find the right destination among the cities, towns, and villages.
    • Letter writing is an art, that has been prevalent in India since centuries.
    • Access information for over 154,500 post offices across all states and union territories of India.

    Complete Database

    Each post office has a jhandi munda online real money designated code, which forms the last three digits. Search and find the accurate and updated pin code of post offices in India using this India pincode search. Enter the name of any place in India to find the Postal Code or ZIP code of that particular place, area or locality. Find postal PIN codes and post office details across India instantly.

    India Zip Codes

    • The resource contains data that is too large to be visualized.
    • Search by 6-digit pincode or post office name for complete address information.
    • Well, if you include the postal code of the recipient into the address, the chances of your letter reaching its destination surely go up.
    • Access information for over 154,500 post offices across all states and union territories of India.

    Search by 6-digit PIN code or post office name for maximum flexibility and convenience. Letter writing is an art, that has been prevalent in India since centuries. But, the habit of shopping online that we regularly indulge in is keeping the PIN codes alive. Access information for over 154,500 post offices across all states and union territories of India.

    India Pin Code Search

    The first 3 digits together indicate revenue district and the last 3 digits refer to the delivery Post Office. When you send a letter or parcel through the Indian Post Office, do you ever wonder how it reaches the destination? Well, if you include the postal code of the recipient into the address, the chances of your letter reaching its destination surely go up.

    All India Pincode Directory (Through WebService)

    Search by 6-digit pincode or post office name for complete address information. In simpler words, the first two digits will help the postal services to identify the particular circle in which the destination lies. In a vast country like India, it can be a task to find the right destination among the cities, towns, and villages. The postal service of India uses the Zip code to make the process of sending letters convenient. First 2 digits together indicates one of the 19 postal circles.

    The resource contains data that is too large to be visualized.

  • Middle Frontend Developer Sumsub

    Middle Frontend Developer job

    In addition, Lead developers deal with clients and must report the project’s performance and development to you. The first focuses on the visual elements of the interface and builds the elements that make your website interactive for the user. The second type works on what the user can’t see, taking care of databases, and coding scripts. We are a fully remote company with ample experience in recruiting and managing remote developers. Our team has been active for over a decade and our company provides a vast pool of candidates located everywhere in the world.

    Junior vs Mid Level Developer

    Middle Frontend Developer job

    We headhunt developers globally; that means you can expect candidates within two weeks or less and at a great value. This is undoubtedly one of the most important tools https://wizardsdev.com/en/vacancy/middle-frontend-developer/ for web development, mainly because websites are no longer what they used to be. Nowadays, they are more complex, and developers have to deal with many aspects of building and maintaining them. Therefore, VSC leaves room for mistakes because it ensures developers get back on the right track. There are hundreds of JS frameworks, and considering that you’re hiring a junior front-end developer, they might not know all of them. But what matters is that at least they understand the logic and use the frameworks needed (or quickly adapt to it) for the type of website you’re building.

    Middle Frontend Developer job

    Get Remote Job Alerts

    Proficient in web application development using JavaScript, HTML & CSS. If your developer wants to get creative and make some innovative changes to the website, they can simulate it with VCS and see how it works. Instead of making the change to realize later that it was a huge mistake.

    • For example, if your developer is working on your website and makes a mistake, instead of fainting and going crazy, they can compare the earlier code kept in the repository and fix the error.
    • By leveraging automation, advanced technologies, and industry expertise, the client continuously enhances efficiency and accuracy in claims handling.
    • Think of HTML, CSS & JavaScript (holy trinity) as the soul and core of websites.
    • Keep in mind that your brand is not only the product itself but the story you sell and how you sell it.
    • We welcome applications from people of all backgrounds, cultures, genders, experiences, abilities and perspectives.
    • If your developer wants to get creative and make some innovative changes to the website, they can simulate it with VCS and see how it works.

    Jakie są średnie zarobki Frontendowca?

    Finally, a command of web services and application program interfaces (APIs) is necessary. Mid Levels must know tools like Representational State Transfer (REST) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to ensure the maintenance of the application. Version control systems are a category of software tools that help a developer change to source code over time.

    • Instead of making the change to realize later that it was a huge mistake.
    • Once you have isolated the necessary skillset for your project, the second step is setting short and long-term goals and expectations.
    • JavaScript is a logic-based programming script language used to modify the content on a website and make it behave in different ways in response to a user’s actions.
    • It doesn’t matter how beautiful and aesthetic the website is; if it’s slow, most of us look for another one!
    • In this role, you’ll be coding marketing web2app funnels seen by thousands of new users every month — the key touchpoints that convert traffic into paying customers.
    • Unlike Mid Level developers, Seniors not only have more experience with tools and software development.

    Front end Developer NOWA

    In 2021, Statista counts 6.4 billion smartphone users – 80% of the worldwide population. In addition, 55.4% of users use a smartphone to purchase products and 69.4% have their shopping apps on mobile devices. Before jumping into the differences between Junior, Midlevel, Senior, and Lead developer, let’s have a look at the two key roles you need to programmer skills build a web application.

    • In addition, you can expect a good command with Linux to run databases and improve server performance.
    • A senior developer must develop feature releases using agile methodology and participate in daily scrum meetings and paired development.
    • A Mid Level developer has a better command of CSS to ensure a smooth layout on each browser.
    • Finally, a command of web services and application program interfaces (APIs) is necessary.

    Frontend – Founding Engineer

    However, not every project requires the same level of expertise and experience. I have been a junior for ~2 years now and am quite struggle to `sale` my skillset. Beside work, I hardly have any worthy side projects, most of them are small, unique and do a specific thing as I learn new things like mint an NFT,… What I am struggling is how do you determine the skillset of a mid levels, and how do I get from junior to mid. XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language and Seniors use it to store and transport data between software and hardware. Using this language, senior developers create style sheets to manage the complete site using CSS3, Bootstrap3, XML, and XSL.

  • Microsoft: Empowering the Digital World

    Microsoft is a global technology company known for shaping the modern digital experience. From its iconic Windows operating system to the versatile Microsoft Office suite, the company has provided tools that support both personal productivity and enterprise innovation. Visit the official website at microsoft.com to explore its offerings.

    Microsoft has also become a major player in cloud computing through Azure, and in business collaboration with Microsoft Teams. Its investments in artificial intelligence, gaming (via Xbox), and hardware (like Surface devices) reflect a broad vision for the future of tech.

    Key Innovations by Microsoft

    • Windows OS and Microsoft Office — foundational software for millions worldwide
    • Azure cloud services — empowering digital transformation for businesses
    • Xbox gaming platform — connecting entertainment and technology
    • Surface devices — combining performance with sleek design
    • AI integration and responsible innovation — shaping the future responsibly

    With decades of experience and a continued focus on progress, Microsoft remains a leader in the global tech landscape.

    This is a test article created for demonstration purposes in WordPress.

  • Difference Between Comparative Analysis and Common Size Analysis

    A comparative statement compares information over time, while a common size statement puts each item as a percentage in order to enable comparisons. Financial statements are essential tools for analyzing a company’s financial performance and position. Two commonly used types of financial statements are the Common Size Statement and the Comparative Statement. Comparative statements then may be constructed with the company of interest in one column and the industry averages in another.

    They can observe that net profit has gone up by 5% and costs have gone up by 15% by comparing statements. By adhering to these principles, analysts can develop more accurate and nuanced understandings of financial performance. Investors analyze these statements to see how well a firm is performing and how much money it is producing. Common size statements are better for looking at a company’s structure or comparing it to another company.

    Which is better, a Common Size Statement or a Comparative Statement?

    Most analysts would expand this analysis to include most, if not all, of the income statement line items. The ability to compare various size companies is another advantage of using comparative statements for financial analysis. A common size statement is a type of analysis and interpretation of the financial statement. This technique examines financial statements by considering each of the line items as a percentage of the base figure for that specific accounting period.

    Common Size analysis

    difference between comparative and common size statement

    If the percentages remain the same, you’ll know that the company has experienced steady growth in that account. Preparing Comparative Financial Statements is the most commonly used technique for analyzing financial statements. This technique determines the profitability and financial position of a business by comparing financial statements for two or more time periods. Figure 13.3 “Percentage Trend Analysis for ” shows Coca-Cola’s trend percentages for net sales and operating income.

    How They Complement Each Other in Financial Analysis

    Both the Comparative and the Common-Size financial statements give a more or less view of the financial statement of the company. Common-size financial statements present all the financial items under their head in percentage terms. While the Comparative financial statements present the financial data for numerous years side by side.

    Comparison

    This comparison allows users to track growth, identify trends, and make informed decisions based on historical data. Investors and analysts often use comparative financial statements to assess how a company is performing relative to previous years or against its competitors. While specific statistical data depends on the company being analyzed, both comparative and common size statements can be used to calculate and analyze key financial ratios. A Comparative Statement, also known as a Horizontal Analysis, compares financial data across different periods. It presents the absolute values of line items for multiple periods side by side, allowing for a direct comparison of changes over time. This statement is particularly useful for identifying trends, patterns, and fluctuations in a company’s financial performance.

    • With the help of such a statement, businesses can identify the problem areas and check whether their current performance aligns with the set objectives.
    • Stakeholders use financial statements to gather information about an organization and perform financial analysis.
    • The following example of company XYZ’s income statement and revenue and expense calculations helps you understand how common size income statement analysis works.
    • The firm may have bought new fixed assets and/or sales commissions may have increased due to hiring new sales personnel.
    • While both provide valuable insights into a company’s financial health, they differ in their presentation and focus.

    Trend statement analysis 🔗

    Previous financials are presented alongside the latest figures in side-by-side columns, enabling investors to identify trends, track a company’s progress and compare it with industry rivals. Common size statements are financial statements that are expressed in the form of percentage. This method analyses financial statements by taking into consideration each of the line items as a percentage of the base amount, for that particular accounting period.

    For example, if common size analysis reveals declining gross margins despite revenue growth, management might need to reevaluate pricing strategies, supplier relationships, or production processes. Similarly, if trend analysis shows accelerating growth in administrative expenses relative to revenue, cost control measures might be necessary. Comparative financial statement is a document that represents the financial performance of the business by comparing them at different time periods.

    Published financial statements are common size statements that contain financial results for the respective accounting period. In the above example, if the results were presented for a single accounting period, it is a common size statement. Financial statements are of wide use to a number of stakeholders, especially for shareholders as such statements provide a number of important information. Typically, the income statements and balance sheets are prepared in a comparative form to undertake such an analysis. A percentage of sales presentation is often used to generate comparative financial statements for the income statement — the area of a financial statement dedicated to a company’s revenues and expenses. There are a lot of differences between comparative and common size statement format which have been discussed below.

    A comparative statement compares financial figures from different periods side-by-side to analyze trends over time. A common-size statement expresses each line item as a percentage of a base figure to evaluate the relative proportions and allow for comparisons. The document provides examples of comparative income statements and balance sheets, as well as common-size income statements and balance sheets. It discusses the need and objectives of these statements, and some limitations to consider when using them.

    Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) makes a similar upward trend, which is natural since Revenue from Sales also increased. Overcoming these limitations requires supplementing financial analysis with qualitative assessments, industry knowledge, and awareness of business context. Horizontal and vertical analysis are two main types of analysis methods used for this purpose. Figure 13.1 “Income Statement Trend Analysis for ” shows that net sales increased by $4,129,000,000, or 13.3 percent. A normal size statement, on the other hand, shows that administrative expenditures now account for 40% of revenue instead of 25%. These facts work together to help you make smarter decisions about where to put your money.

    Financial statements are the written records that convey that the business activities and the financial performance of a company is on or off track. These financial statements are audited by governmental agencies, by accountants, and by law firms. A Comparative Statement is a financial report that shows the figures for two or more time periods side by side to show how they have changed over time. By using these statements in conjunction with other financial metrics and ratios, analysts can gain a comprehensive understanding of a company’s financial health and make informed investment decisions.

    Then use comparative statements for several years and look at the percentage reported for that account each year. Observe whether the percentages increase, decrease or remain the same.Figure 13.1 “Income Statement Trend Analysis for ” shows that net sales increased by $4,129,000,000, or 13.3 percent. The increase in net sales and related increase in cost of goods sold resulted in an increase in gross margin of $2,524,000,000, or 12.7 percent. Whereas the common size financial statements present all these items in percentage terms more often.

    • Comparative statements are used to figure out finances which is a good practice for the business owner.
    • Common Size Statements are a type of financial statement that state every line item as a percent of a base item, such as total revenue or total assets.
    • (4) However, if the increase in COGS is compared to increase in Sales, it is noted that the difference in Sales between 2007 and 2008 represents an increase in revenue by $61,250.
    • As a result, the financial statement user can more easily compare the financial performance to the company’s peers.

    The difference between comparative and common size statement depends on the way financial information in statements are presented. Since comparative financial statements present financial information for a number of years side by side, this kind statement is convenient to calculate ratios and to directly compare results. Common Size Statement and Comparative Statement are two financial analysis tools used to evaluate the performance and financial position of a company. A Common Size Statement presents financial information as a percentage of a base figure, usually total assets or total revenue, allowing for easy comparison across different time periods or companies. On the other hand, a Comparative Statement presents financial data side by side for different time periods, highlighting difference between comparative and common size statement the changes and trends over time. Common size financial statements present all items in percentage terms where balance sheet items are presented as percentages of assets and income statement items are presented as percentages of sales.

    It is not another type of income statement but is a tool used to analyze the income statement. Cash ranges between 5% and 8.5% of total assets, and short-term debt accounted for about 5% of total assets over the past two years. The next point of the analysis is the company’s non-operating expenses, such as interest expense.

  • Recognition of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets AASB112_08-15_COMPmar20_07-21 AASB

    Any discrepancy between tax and book profits that does not get adjusted back in the next period is irreversible. Determining a valuation allowance requires assessing positive and negative evidence regarding future taxable income. Positive evidence might include a history of profitability or firm contracts guaranteeing future revenue. Negative evidence could include recent cumulative losses or declining industry trends. For example, a company with three consecutive years of losses may need to record a valuation allowance.

    Government grants may also be set up as deferred income in which case the difference between the deferred income and its tax base of nil is a deductible temporary difference. Whichever method of presentation an entity adopts, the entity does not recognise the resulting deferred tax asset, for the reason given in paragraph 22. If tax law imposes no such restrictions, an entity assesses a deductible temporary difference in combination with all of its other deductible temporary differences.

    Recognition of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets

    To be able to make sound decisions on the money coming into a business, accountants and tax specialists put many terms and numbers to use in order to create financial and tax reports each year. Each of BDO International Limited, Brussels Worldwide Services BV, BDO IFR Advisory Limited and the BDO member firms is a separate legal entity and has no liability for another entity’s acts or omissions. Nothing in the arrangements or rules of the BDO network shall constitute or imply an agency relationship or a partnership between BDO International Limited, Brussels Worldwide Services BV, BDO IFR Advisory Limited and/or the BDO member firms.

    Deferred tax on investment property

    However, this is an inaccurate making sense of deferred tax assets and liabilities representation of the results from an accounting standpoint. In respect of not-for-profit entities, a deferred tax asset will not arise on a non-taxable government grant relating to an asset. For example, under AASB 1058 Income of Not-for-Profit Entities, where a not-for-profit entity accounts for the receipt of non-taxable government grants as income rather than as deferred income, a temporary difference does not arise. As it recovers the carrying amount of the asset, the entity will earn taxable income of 1,000 and pay tax of 400. The entity does not recognise the resulting deferred tax liability of 400 because it results from the initial recognition of the asset.

    For example, fines and penalties are deductible under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) but not under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). Similarly, municipal bond interest is excluded from taxable income under tax codes but included in financial reporting income. Identifying permanent differences helps reconcile financial statement income with taxable income, ensuring compliance and transparency.

    • The Interpretations Committee noted the Board’s observation about intangible assets with indefinite useful lives when the Board amended IAS 38 in 2004.
    • Concrete proof of virtual certainty can be found in an entity’s projected future earnings, which are prepared based on future restructuring, sales estimation, future capital expenditure, historical experience, etc., and submitted to banks for financing.
    • Their importance lies in how they influence both short-term and long-term financial planning.

    Temporary Differences

    However, if tax law restricts the utilisation of losses to deduction against income of a specific type, a deductible temporary difference is assessed in combination only with other deductible temporary differences of the appropriate type. In the consolidated financial statements of a parent, deferred tax assets and liabilities might be recognised relating to multiple taxable entities. Criterion (b)(i) will not be satisfied in this case, therefore, criterion (b)(ii) must be analysed carefully to determine whether an entity truly intends to settle the balances on a net basis or simultaneously. An automobile is purchased for CU50,000, which is its carrying amount in accordance with IAS 16.

    • As the carrying amount and tax base of the customer lists are both CU100, no taxable or deductible temporary differences exist, therefore, no deferred tax is recognised.
    • For example, a company with $100,000 in unused R&D credits would record a deferred tax asset of $100,000, as credits directly offset taxes owed.
    • That decrease in the value of the unrecognised deferred tax liability is also regarded as relating to the initial recognition of the goodwill and is therefore prohibited from being recognised under paragraph 15(a).

    The former assess if the company can repay short-term liabilities with short-term resources, while NOWC allows for a more advanced analysis of business dynamics, enabling even the construction of a predictive model. PwC refers to the US member firm or one of its subsidiaries or affiliates, and may sometimes refer to the PwC network. This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. When an entity has a history of recent losses, the entity considers the guidance in paragraphs 35 and 36.

    One part of the temporary difference will be received as dividends during the holding period, and another part will be recovered upon sale or liquidation. The Interpretations Committee understood that the reference to IAS 37 in paragraph 88 of IAS 12 in respect of tax-related contingent liabilities and contingent assets may have been understood by some to mean that IAS 37 applied to the recognition of such items. However, the Interpretations Committee noted that paragraph 88 of IAS 12 provides guidance only on disclosures required for such items, and that IAS 12, not IAS 37, provides the relevant guidance on recognition, as described above. Profit & Loss A/c must be debited or credited in order to produce Deferred Tax Liability A/c or Deferred Tax Asset A/c. Concrete proof of virtual certainty can be found in an entity’s projected future earnings, which are prepared based on future restructuring, sales estimation, future capital expenditure, historical experience, etc., and submitted to banks for financing.

    making sense of deferred tax assets and liabilities

    Deductible temporary differences

    However, if they are only taxed on sale or settlement of the financial instrument, a timing difference will arise and deferred tax will need to be recorded as a result. In most cases, deferred tax in relation to investment properties carried at fair value is measured using the tax rates and allowances that apply to the sale of the asset in line with FRS 102 paragraph 29.16. FRS 102 paragraph 29.12 states that deferred tax should be measured using ‘the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference’.

    Losses in Business

    By recognizing these differences, companies can forecast tax liabilities and manage cash flow effectively. The timing of reversals depends on the nature of the underlying temporary differences and the company’s operational cycle. For example, deferred tax assets from warranty expenses reverse as claims are settled, while assets related to pension liabilities may take longer to reverse. Accurate forecasting of these reversals ensures financial statements reflect the company’s true financial position. If deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are not excluded in the transaction, parties should pay special attention to their anticipated impact on determining the estimated balance sheet or any target level of net working capital. SRS Acquiom has seen large PPAs due to inclusion of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities in working capital calculations and for other reasons that don’t actually affect the combined company’s cash position or value.

    Got Freelance Income? Let’s Strategize Your Taxes in One Call

    On the basis of this assumption, the submitter asks the Committee to clarify whether the production-based royalty payments can be viewed as prepayment of the income tax payable. (d) selling an asset that generates non-taxable income (such as, in some jurisdictions, a government bond) in order to purchase another investment that generates taxable income. (b) tax planning opportunities are available to the entity that will create taxable profit in appropriate periods.

    Therefore, the selection of the involved items must consider their nature, distinguishing between the company’s core and non-core activities. As a small business owner thinking about taxes, it’s easy to get lost in the terminology and complex rules. Changes in circumstances, such as improved profitability or the expiration of carryforwards, may require adjustments.

    Recognition and Measurement Principles

    PPAs are difficult to dispute and can result in an unnecessary loss of business value. In estimating future taxable profits, entities should consider the extent to which such estimates should be consistent with other estimates that affect the measurement of items in the financial statements. For example, estimates made relating to impairment of assets (IAS 36) and going concern assessments (IAS 1). These assumptions may be identical because IFRSs have differing requirements, however, fundamental assumptions should be consistent (e.g. an entity plans to promote this particular product line, exit this jurisdiction, etc.).

  • āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022| Covid-19-ERPP-Project

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    āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022 | Covid-19-ERPP-Project

    DGHSERPP-Job-Circular- Covid-19-ERPP-Project

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    ā§Ŧ. Fill up with Article : I saw ____one eyed man
    at the street

    a

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    none

    ā§­. Fill in with Preposition : He died
    _____Cholera.

    by

    from

    to

    of

    ā§Ž. Identify Tense: The sun rises in the East

    Present perfect

    Past Perfect Continuous

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    Simple Present

    ⧝. Translate into English : āϚāĻžāρāĻĻ āĻ•āĻŋāϰāĻŖ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ

    Moon in shining

    The Moon gives light

    Moon lights

    The Moon shines at night

    ā§§ā§Ļ. Which one id the passive : “Put the pen’

    Let the pen be put

    The pen is put by me

    Let the pen put

    The pen is put by you

    āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022 | Covid-19-ERPP-Project

    ā§§ā§§. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§‡ ā§Ēā§Ļ āϜāύ āĻ“ ā§Šā§Ļ āϜāύ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧀
    āĻ“ āĻ›āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤ āĻ•āϤ
    ?

    ā§Ē:ā§Š

    ⧍:ā§Š

    ā§Š:ā§Ē

    ā§Š:⧍

    ⧧⧍. āϰāύāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ ā§Žā§Ļ% āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻĒ⧇āϞāĨ¤ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŽā§‹āϟ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ ā§Žā§Ļā§Ļ āĻšāϞ⧇ āϰāύāĻŋāϰ
    āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āύāĻŽā§āĻŦāϰ āĻ•āϤ
    ?

    ā§Ģā§Ģā§Ļ

    ā§Ģā§Ŧā§Ļ

    ā§Ŧā§Ģā§Ļ

    ā§Ŧā§Ēā§Ļ

    ā§§ā§Š. a=1. b=2, c=3 āĻšāϞ⧇ a2+2ab−c

    11

    2

    4

    6

    ā§§ā§Ē. (a+b) – ( a-b)= āĻ•āϤ?

    2a

    -2a

    2b

    -2b

    ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧈āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ā§āϝ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĢ⧁āϟ āĨ¤ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻĢāϞ āĻ•āϤ?

    ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻĢ⧁āϟ

    ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻĢ⧁āϟ

    ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻĢ⧁āϟ

    ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻĢ⧁āϟ

    ā§§ā§Ŧ. āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻļ⧇āĻ– āĻŽā§āϜāĻŋāĻŦ⧁āϰ āϰāĻšāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āϤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?

    ā§§ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ, ⧧⧝⧧⧝

    ā§§ā§­ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ ⧧⧝⧍ā§Ļ

    ā§§ā§Ē āφāĻ—āĻ¸ā§āϟ, ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§­

    ⧍⧧ āϜāύ⧁, ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§§

    ā§§ā§­. āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļāϕ⧇ āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāϰ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ?

    ⧝

    ā§§ā§Ļ

    ā§§ā§§

    ⧧⧍

    ā§§ā§Ž. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĢāϞ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

    āĻ•āĻžāρāĻ āĻžāϞ

    āφāĻŽ

    āϞāĻŋāϚ⧁

    āĻ•āϞāĻž

    ⧧⧝. āϜāĻžāĻĒāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

    āωāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ

    āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻ—ā§€āϤ

    āχāωāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ

    āχāϝāĻŧ⧇āύ

    āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022 | Covid-19-ERPP-Project

    ⧍ā§Ļ. āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āĻŦā§āϰ⧀āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒāĻŋāϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ?

    ā§Ēā§§āϟāĻŋ

    ā§Ē⧍āϟāĻŋ

    ā§Ēā§ŠāϟāĻŋ

    ā§Ēā§ĒāϟāĻŋ

    ⧍⧧. āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ āϰāĻ‚āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇?

    āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧋

    āϞāĻžāϞ

    āĻšāϞ⧁āĻĻ

    āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜ

    ⧍⧍. āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻĒāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ?

    āϧ⧁āϞāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϞāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ

    āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻœā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻĒāύāĻž

    āϰ⧇āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ

    āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāύ

    ā§¨ā§Š. āϕ⧋āύ āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āύāϝāĻŧ?

    āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϕ⧇ āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž

    āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻ¨ā§āύāϤāĻž āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž

    āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϰ āĻ—ā§‹āĻĒāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻŦāϜāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻž

    āωāĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•āϟāĻŋ

    ⧍ā§Ē. āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϤāϰāϞ āĻŦāĻœā§āϝ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ?

    āĻĄā§āϰ⧇āύ⧇

    āϟāϝāĻŧāϞ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻŽā§‹āĻĄā§‹

    āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āωāĻŽā§āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇

    āĻŦāĻŋāύ⧇

    ⧍ā§Ģ. āϚāĻŋāĻ āĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž, āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ āύāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϕ⧋āύ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ
    āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    ?

    āĻāĻĄā§‹āĻŦāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŸā§‹āĻļāĻĒ

    āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻĢāϟ āĻāϏāĻ•āĻŋāωāĻāϞ

    āĻ“āϰāĻžāĻ•āϞ

    āĻāĻŽāĻāϏ āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāϏ

    ⧍ā§Ŧ. āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āχ- āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āύāϝāĻŧ?

    āϜāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āχāϞ

    āĻĢāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻĢāĻ•ā§āϏ

    āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§ āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ

    āĻšāϟ āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ

    ⧍⧭. āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ – āĻ āϏ⧁āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāωāϞ āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇?

    āϟāĻžāχāĻŽ āϏāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāωāϞ

    āϰ⧋āĻŸā§‡āĻļāύ

    āĻĄāĻŋāωāϟāĻŋ āϰ⧋āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāϰ

    āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āύāϝāĻŧ

    ā§¨ā§Ž. āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻŽā§‡āĻā§‡ āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇ āĻ•āϤāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋā§Ž?

    ā§§ āĻŦāĻžāϰ

    ⧍ āĻŦāĻžāϰ

    ā§Š āĻŦāĻžāϰ

    ā§Ē āĻŦāĻžāϰ

    ⧍⧝. āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻšā§‡ āĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž –

    ā§§ā§Ļā§Ŧ

    ⧍ā§Ļā§Ŧ

    ā§Šā§Ļā§Ŧ

    ā§Ēā§Ļā§Ŧ

    āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022 | Covid-19-ERPP-Project

    ā§Šā§Ļ. āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ›, āĻ—āϰ⧁āϰ āĻĻ⧁āϧ āĻ“ āĻŽāĻžāĻ‚āϏ āĻ•āĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ?

    āĻ–āύāĻŋāϜ āϞāĻŦāύ

    āφāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻĄāĻŋāύ

    āϞ⧌āĻš

    āĻ¸ā§āύ⧇āĻš āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ

    ā§Šā§§. āϟāĻžāϟāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻŦ⧁āϜ āϤāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ-

    āĻ–āύāĻŋāϜ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ

    āĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āύ⧇āĻš

    āĻļāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϰāĻž

    āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āύāϝāĻŧ

    ā§Šā§¨. āĻĄā§‡āĻ™ā§āϗ⧁ āĻœā§€āĻŦāĻžāύ⧁ āĻŦāĻšāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻŽāĻļāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?

    āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϏ

    āĻā§āϝāĻžāύ⧋āĻĢāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϏ

    āĻ•āĻŋāωāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ

    āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύāϏ⧁āύāĻžāχāĻĄ

    ā§Šā§Š. āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āϰ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

    āĻĄāĻŋāĻĢāĻĨ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž

    āϟāĻžāχāĻĢāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĄ

    āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧇āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž

    āϝāĻ•ā§āĻˇā§āĻŽāĻž

    ā§Šā§Ē. āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦ āĻĻ⧇āĻšā§‡ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻ•āϤ?

    ⧝ā§Ē.ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻšāĻžāχāĻĄ

    ā§¯ā§Ž.ā§Ž āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻšāĻžāχāĻĄ

    ā§¯ā§Ž.ā§Ē āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻšāĻžāχāĻĄ

    ⧝ā§Ē.ā§Ž āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĻšāĻžāχāĻĄ

    ā§Šā§Ģ. āϜāϰ⧁āϰ⧀ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āφāĻšāϤ āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§€āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ
    āĻŦā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇
    ?

    ā§§ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ

    ā§Ģ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ

    ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ

    ā§Šā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāϟ

    ā§Šā§Ŧ. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϕ⧇āϞ āĻ•āϞ⧇āĻœā§‡āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϤāϟāĻŋ?

    ā§Šā§­

    ā§Šā§Ž

    ā§Šā§¯

    ā§Ēā§Ļ

    ā§Šā§­. āĻ•āϰ⧋āύāĻž āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ āĻšā§€āύ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ?

    āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻšāĻžāχ

    āωāĻŦ⧇āύ

    āωāĻšāĻžāύ

    āϜāĻŋāύāϜāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ‚

    ā§Šā§Ž. āĻĒā§‹āϞāĻŋāĻ“āϤ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻ•ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻž?

    āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁

    āύāĻžāϰ⧀

    āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧ

    āĻ•āĻŋāĻļā§‹āϰ

    ā§Šā§¯. āϝāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻļāϰ⧀āϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ?

    āĻšā§‹āϖ⧇

    āĻ—āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ

    āϜāĻŋāĻšāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ

    āĻĢ⧁āϏāĻĢ⧁āϏ⧇

    ā§Ēā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϤ⧃āĻŖāĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?

    āωāĻĒāĻœā§‡āϞāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ

    āĻœā§‡āϞāĻž āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞ

    āχāωāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āϝ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ

    āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāωāύāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ•

    āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022

    āϕ⧋āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ-⧧⧝ āχāφāϰāĻĒāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻ— āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž- ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧍ | āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦāϝāĻŧ | 16.09.2022 | Covid-19-ERPP-Project

  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ 30+ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ 30+ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋āĨ¤ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋāϤāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁āϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āĻŦāχ āωāĻĒāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āϤ⧋ āϚāϞ⧁āύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āωāĻĒāĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒ⧁āϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āϞāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤

    āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āφāϰ⧋ āĻĒā§‹āĻ¸ā§āϟ :

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : ⧍ā§Ļ⧍⧧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ ‘āĻĄāĻŋ-ā§Ž āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽā§‡āϞāĻ¨â€™āϰ āφāϝāĻŧāĻžā§‡āϜāĻ• āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦ⧃āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻžāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āϜāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϧāĻžāĻ°ā§āϝ āϏāĻžāĻŽāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ⧍āϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āϜāĻ—āĻĻā§āĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āύāĻ“āĻ—āĻžāρ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāϟāĻŋāωāϟ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āϜāĻžāĻĒāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āϜāĻžāχāĻ•āĻžāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āϕ⧁āĻŽāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž
    ​āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āφāĻ–āϤāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻĻ āĻ–āĻžāύāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻĢāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ⧧⧝⧭ā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŽā§āϜāĻŋāĻŦ āύāĻ—āϰ āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ​āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āφāχāύ āϜāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ⧧⧝⧭ā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻĒāĻļā§āϚāĻŋāĻŽā§‡ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻž
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āϚāĻžāρāĻĒāĻžāχāύāĻŦāĻžāĻŦāĻ—āĻžā§āϜāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ-āĻ­āĻžāϰāϤ āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϚ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ā§§ā§Ŧ āĻŽā§‡ ⧧⧝⧭ā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦā§€āϰ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝāĻžā§‡āĻĻā§āϧāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āύ⧇āϞ āϤāĻžāĻšā§‡āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻžāρāϏāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻž āĻœā§‡āϞ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : ‘āϰāĻžā§‡āĻšāĻŋāϤāĻ—āĻŋāϰāĻŋ’ āϝ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āύāĻžāĻŽ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŽāϝāĻŧāύāĻžāĻŽāϤāĻŋāĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϰ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āώāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ⧍ā§Ļā§Š āϏ⧇.āĻŽāĻŋ.

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āύāĻĻā§€ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āϘāύāĻž āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āϚāĻžāρāĻĻāĻĒ⧁āϰāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āϏ⧁āύāĻžāĻŽāĻŋ’āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞāĻžā§‡
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧇āϰ āϤāϞāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāύāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻ•ā§ƒāώāĻŋ āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ­āĻžāϏ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ⧧⧍āϟāĻŋāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āϏāĻĻ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āφāϏāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ā§Ģā§ĻāϟāĻŋāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : ‘āĻĻā§āϝ āϞāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇āĻļāύ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ’ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¨ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āϰāϚāϝāĻŧāĻŋāϤāĻž
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŽā§‡āϜāϰ āĻœā§‡āύāĻžāϰ⧇āϞ āϏ⧁āĻ–āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϏāĻŋāĻ‚āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻ–āĻžāύāϜāĻžāĻšāĻžāύ āφāϞ⧀ āĻŽāϏāϜāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŽā§āĻŦ⧁āϜ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ā§Žā§§āϟāĻŋāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāύ⧀āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤ⧀āĻ•
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŦāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻ›āϝāĻŧ āĻĻāĻĢāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āϞāĻžāĻšāĻžā§‡āϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāϝāĻšāĻžāϰ⧁āϞ āχāϏāϞāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧ⧀āύāϤāĻžāϰ āϘāĻžā§‡āώāĻŖāĻžāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āĻļāĻžā§‡āϧāύ⧀āϤ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝāĻžā§‡āϜāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻĒāĻžā§āϚāĻĻāĻļāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ āϟ⧁āϞāϏ āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟāϰāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻ—āĻžāĻœā§€āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϰ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āφāĻšāϏāĻžāύ āĻŽāĻžā§āϜāĻŋāϞ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ā§§ā§Žā§­ā§¨ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āϕ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāϰ āϝ⧇ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻĒāϟ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϞ⧀āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻĻāĻŋāĻŦāϏ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : ā§§ā§Ļ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŋ ⧧⧝⧭⧍āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āφāĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§‹āϞāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āĻāϰ āϏāĻ­āĻžāĻĒāϤāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āφāĻ•āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻ–āĻžāρāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ : āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ­ā§‚-āωāĻĒāĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ : āĻŦ⧇āϤāĻŦ⧁āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻžāĻ—āϰāĻ•āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻž āϕ⧋āύ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϭ⧌āĻ—ā§‹āϞāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻžāĻŽ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻĒāϟ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϞ⧀āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧃āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϚāϞāύ āĻŦāĻŋāϞāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁āϰ āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• ā§­āχ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻšā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻŖ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āϤāĻĢāϏāĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻĒāĻžā§āϚāĻŽ āϤāĻĢāϏāĻŋāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āφāϏāĻžāĻĻ āϗ⧇āϟ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϏ⧌āϧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻĒāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧀?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧāĻžāϏāĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ 30+ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ
    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ 30+ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āĻ“ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϰ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āύāĻžāϜāĻŽā§āύ āφāϰāĻž āϏ⧁āϞāϤāĻžāύāĻžāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύ āϰāϚāύāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŽāĻšāĻŋāϞāĻž āϏāĻĻāĻ¸ā§āϝ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āϕ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻŦ⧇āĻ—āĻŽ āϰāĻžāϜāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāύ⧁āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āϏ⧇āϤ⧁ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĻā§â€™āϟāĻŋ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻŽā§āĻ¨ā§āϏ⧀āĻ—āĻžā§āϜ āĻ“ āĻļāϰ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻĒ⧁āϰāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āϚāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ āϕ⧋āύ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻ­ā§€āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ āĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻšāϞ⧇ āϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻĒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āĻĒāĻžāϞāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āϏāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ⧁ āĻœā§‡āϞ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ āĻŽā§‹āϟ āĻ•āϤ āĻĻāĻŋāύ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ā§Ēā§Ŧā§Žā§¨ āĻĻāĻŋāύāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧁āϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āϜāĻžāĻĻ⧁āϘāϰ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϰāĻžāϜāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻ—, āĻĸāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻļ⧁ āφāχāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŖā§€āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ⧧⧝⧭ā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇āϰ āφāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĒāĻŖ āĻĻāϞāĻŋāϞ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϰ⧇āϏāϕ⧋āĻ°ā§āϏ āĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āφāϝāĻŧāϤāύ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻž āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ¤ā§āϝ āϰāĻžāĻ™āĻžāĻŽāĻžāϟāĻŋāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϟāĻŋāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāĻžāϰ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻĢ⧇āύ⧀āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ™āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻ“ āϝāĻŽā§āύāĻž āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āĻ— āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻŦāϗ⧁āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāχāύ āωāĻĒāϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāϏ āϕ⧋āύ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻ•āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻœā§‡āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āφāϝāĻŧāϤāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻ•āϤ āϤāĻŽ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ⧝ā§Ļ āϤāĻŽāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āύāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŸā§āϰ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰ āϕ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϜāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻžāϤ⧁āϞ āĻĢ⧇āϰāĻĻ⧌āϏāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻ•āĻŋāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻŸā§‹ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŸā§‹āĻ•āϞ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ⧧⧝⧝⧭ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: ‘āĻŽā§‹āϰāĻž āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĢ⧁āϞāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāρāϚāĻžāĻŦā§‹ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ āĻ•āϰāĻŋ’ āĻ—āĻžāύāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻ—ā§€āϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āϕ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻ—ā§‹āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻšāĻžāϞāĻĻāĻžāϰāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§€ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻŽāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧀?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻŋāϘāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϤ āĻĻā§āĻŦā§€āĻĒ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϕ⧁āϤ⧁āĻŦāĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āύāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāϰāϤāĻžāĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻ•āϚ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻˇā§āϟāĻĒ⧁āϰ, āĻ āĻžāϕ⧁āϰāĻ—āĻžāρāĻ“āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: ‘āϰ⧂āĻĒāϏ⧀ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ’ āϕ⧋āύ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ˜ā§‹āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϏ⧋āύāĻžāϰāĻ—āĻžāρāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻžāĻĻ⧁āϘāϰ āĻāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ āύāĻ•āĻļāĻž āϕ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻļāĻŋāĻŦ āύāĻžāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŖ āĻĻāĻžāϏāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϝ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ā§ĒāϟāĻŋāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ• āϕ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϞāϏ āωāχāϞāĻ•āĻŋāύāϏāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻž āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: ā§Ē āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ, ⧧⧝⧭⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: ‘āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ āϤāĻ°ā§€â€™ āϕ⧀?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϏāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻšāĻžāϏāĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϞāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤ⧀āĻ• āϕ⧀?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āωāĻĄāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: ‘āύāϜāϰ⧁āϞ āĻŽāĻžā§āĻšâ€™ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§€ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϪ⧇āĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻĻāĻĒā§āϤāϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύ?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϧ⧀āύāĨ¤

    âœŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ: āĻŽā§āϏāϞāĻŋāĻŽ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āϕ⧇?
    āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ: āύāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦ āφāĻŦāĻĻ⧁āϞ āϞāϤāĻŋāĻĢāĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ (Bangladesh) āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϰ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ

  • āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϞ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āĻ“ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϏāĻžāϜāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—āĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻž āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇, āϰ⧋āĻŽāĻžāύ āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻžāϜāĻžāύ⧋āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϏāϛ⧇āĨ¤[ā§§] āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āφāϛ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ (āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāσāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡), āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāĨ¤ 

    āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āφāĻ— āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāϤāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻ“ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ – āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āύāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻž āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ – āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āύāĻžāĻŽ āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•-āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤[⧍] āωāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏ⧂āϚāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇, āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤāĨ¤ [ā§Š] āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŽāĻžāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āϞāĻžāĻ­ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇āĻ“, āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻž āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϚāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ[ā§Ē] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ“āĨ¤[ā§Ģ] āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦāϤ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇āχ, āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āϭ⧁āϞ[ā§Ŧ] āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝāĨ¤[ā§­]

    āφāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧāχ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āύ⧇āχ āĻŦāĻž āφāĻ•āĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ [ā§Ž] ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇, āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāχ, āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϜāĻŋāύ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ⧇ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ,[⧝] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āϰāϚāύāĻžāĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϞāĻžāϤāĻŋāύ-āωāĻĻā§āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āϏ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāϏ⧂āϚāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ [ā§§ā§Ļ] āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“, āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ–āύ⧋ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ“ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāĨ¤ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχāĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ŧ] āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ…āύāĻžāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏ⧇āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āχ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤ [ā§§ā§§] āϕ⧋āύ āϏāĻžāϜāĻžāύ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻāχ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āφāϛ⧇; āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧇āĻ“ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ…āĻŽā§€āĻŽāĻžāĻ‚āϏāĻŋāϤ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤[⧧⧍]

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āχāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏ

    āĻŽā§‚āϞ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ: History of sentence spacing

    āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ

    āωāĻĒāϰ⧇: āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ em-āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž (⧧⧝ā§Ļ⧝). āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡: āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž (ā§§ā§Žā§­ā§Ē)

    āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻž āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻĒāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇, āĻŦāĻšā§-āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻž āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŽāĻžāĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽāϤāĻŋāĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤[ā§§ā§Š] āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ, āχāĻ‚āϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āϰāϚāύāĻžāĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ (āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇āĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻĻāĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āχ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞāϗ⧁āϞ⧋- āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ Jacobi in the UK (ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ)[ā§§ā§Ē] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ MacKellar, Harpel, and De Vinne (ā§§ā§Žā§Ŧā§Ŧâ€“ā§§ā§¯ā§Ļā§§) āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϤ⧇[ā§§ā§Ģ]— āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻŽ-āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ ā§§/ā§Š āĻŦāĻž ā§§/⧍ āĻāĻŽ-āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āφāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āϚāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻĻāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§§ā§Ŧ] āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āφāĻ— āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāϟāĻžāχ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļāĨ¤.[ā§§ā§­] āϤāĻŦ⧁āĻ“, āĻāχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇āĻ“, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ“ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ (āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ⧇) āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĒ – āϝāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϤ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāĨ¤

    āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ

    āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āωāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āϞāĻŋāύ⧋āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ, āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϤ⧇ āĻšāĻžāϤ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤāĨ¤[ā§§ā§Ž] āϝāĻ–āύāχ āĻāχ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇ āĻŦ⧈āĻĒā§āϞāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āφāύ⧇, āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧇āχ āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻĨāĻŋāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāύ⧇ āĻŦ⧈āĻĒā§āϞāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž-āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ•āϤāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻĢāĻžāρāĻ•āĻž āϚāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āϚāĻžāĻĒāĻŦ⧇āύ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ-āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻ­āĻžāώ⧀ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻĨāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ[⧧⧝] āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇,[⧍ā§Ļ] āĻāχ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋āϟāĻž āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤[ā§Š] āĻāϟāĻŋ āχāĻ‚āϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻžāρāϰāĻž āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ…āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻšāϤ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇āĨ¤[⧍⧧]

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻŖ

    āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇, āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ (āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ “en quad“) āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[⧍⧍] āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āĻ“, āĻāχ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤[ā§¨ā§Š]

    ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϜāĻŋāύ, āĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāχāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻž āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[⧍ā§Ē] āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤.āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ• āϤāĻ–āύāĻ“ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ¤â€”āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻžāĨ¤

    āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇, IBM āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āĻ•āĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ­, āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ• āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇[⧍ā§Ģ]—āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻļāϤ āĻļāϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϏāĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻāχ āύāĻŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤ⧁ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻĄ āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻĻāĻ–āϞ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϤāĻž āϭ⧇āĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āĻ˛ā§‡â€” āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ–āϰāϤāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡āĨ¤[⧍ā§Ģ] ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇, āĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ-āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϰāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϕ⧇ āωāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ŧ] āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχāĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ āĻāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āĻ“ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻŋ,āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āĻāχāϚāϟāĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻāϞ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āωāĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇,[⧍ā§Ŧ][⧍⧭] āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻāϏāĻāϏ 2.1 āĻŽāĻžāύāĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻŖā§āĻŖ āϰāĻžāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§¨ā§Ž] ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇, āĻĄā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϟāĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύ⧀ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāϰ⧋ āωāĻ¨ā§āύāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϏāϰāĻžā§āϜāĻžāĻŽ āϏāϰāĻŦāϰāĻžāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[⧍⧝] āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇, āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤

    āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϝ

    āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻž

    āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ ( āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻ“ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ )[ā§Šā§Ļ] āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ— āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāĻŋāϤ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇, āϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋ āĻĄāĻĄāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻāϰ āĻŦāχāϝāĻŧ⧇, āĻĢāĻžāχāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟāϏ āχāύ āĻĻāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻāϰ⧇āĻžā§āϜāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻ…āĻĢ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ , āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āϚāϞāύ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāϤ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ āφāϰ⧋āĻĒ āĻ•āϰ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤[ā§Šā§§]

    āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡, āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϰāĻĻāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§ā§ŽāϏāĻžāĻšāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻĄ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āĻ“āĨ¤ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¯ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇. āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻžāχāύ āĻāϰāĻĄā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϟāĻĒ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāϞāĻŋāĻļāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ “āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ•, āφāĻļā§āϚāĻ°ā§āϝāĻŦā§‹āϧāĻ•, āϕ⧋āϞāύ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ”, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāϕ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Šā§¨] āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏ⧀āĻĒ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĢāĻžāχāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āφāωāϟ āĻšāĻžāĻ“ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϏ (ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Š) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻžāχāύāĻŋāĻ‚ āωāχāĻĨ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāσ āĻĻāĻž āĻāϏ⧇āύāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄ āϟ⧁ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ) āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧāχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āĻ“āĨ¤[ā§Šā§Š]

    āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϏāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇āϰāĨ¤ āχāϞāĻŋāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋāϜāĻ­āĻžāϰ, āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āĻ¸ā§āϟ⧁āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž, āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ, “āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏāĻšā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āϭ⧁āϞ⧇ āϝāĻžāύ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻŋ, āĻĻā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻšā§€āύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞāĨ¤”[ā§§ā§§] āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāϟ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āύ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š) āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ “āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻž āύ⧇āχ” āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϞ “āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ”āĨ¤[ā§Šā§Ē] āĻāϞāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟāϏ āĻ…āĻĢ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē) āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻŦāĻžāϰ, āĻāĻŽāύ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āύāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻž ” āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ“ āĻāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āϞāĻžāĻ­āĻŦāĻžāύ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ…āĻĻā§āϭ⧁āϤ [āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ] āĻ­āĻŋāĻ•ā§āĻŸā§‹āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϭ⧁āϞ⧇ āϗ⧇āϞ⧇”āĨ¤ [ā§Š]

    āĻĄā§‡āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ āϜ⧁āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāχ, āĻāĻŦāĻžāωāϟ āĻĢ⧇āχāϏāσ āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāĻ­āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻž āϰ⧁āϞāϏ āĻ…āĻĢ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē)- āϏ⧁āχāϜāĻžāϰāĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ- āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϏāĻŽāϏāĻžāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āσ

    āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ, āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰ⧇, āĻāĻŽāύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāϤ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύāĨ¤ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇, āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāϤ, āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§Ģā§Ļ% āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻšāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ, āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāϤ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āύ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻŽāϤ āĻĒā§‹āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ “āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ” āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϕ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ “āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ” āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ (āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āϟ⧁) āϕ⧇āύāύāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āχ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Šā§Ģ]

    āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž

    āĻŽā§‚āϞ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ: Sentence spacing in language and style guides

    ⧧⧝⧧⧧ āĻāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ—ā§‹ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž

    āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϤ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āϰ “āĻ—āϤāĻžāύ⧁āĻ—āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ” āĻāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϤ, āĻĄāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ āĻšāϞāĨ¤[ā§Šā§Ŧ] āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€āϰ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ, āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāϤāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇,āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻ—āϤāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϤāĨ¤[ā§Šā§­] āĻĄā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϟāĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāύ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻšāϞ, āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϞ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻŖā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Šā§Ž] āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇, āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻŦāĻĻāϞāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ—ā§‹ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻāϰ ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝ āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ;[ā§Šā§¯] ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻž āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϤāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇, āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāϏ āϰ⧁āϞāϏ (ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š)[ā§Ēā§Ļ] āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇ āϏāϰ⧇ āφāϏ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āĻ“ ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ēā§§] āĻāĻ•āĻŦāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ āĻļāϤāĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§€ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇āχ, āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇ āĻ—āĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāχ āϝāĻĨāĻžāϝāĻĨāĨ¤[ā§Ē⧍]

    āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āϏāϰāĻŦāϰāĻžāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ “āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāϤ āϏāĻŦ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇ āϘāύāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ”āĨ¤[ā§Ēā§Š] āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϤ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š)[ā§Ēā§Ē] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇ āĻĻāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ—ā§‹ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ)[ā§Ēā§Ģ], āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāϏāĻš āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ“ āύāĻ•āĻļāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāύ āϏāϰāĻŦāϰāĻžāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ēā§Ŧ] āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻ“ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ē⧍] āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ–āϏāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āĻ— āϰ⧇āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āϞ⧇āĻ–āϕ⧇āϰ āχāĻšā§āĻ›āĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰāϟāĻŋ āϛ⧇āĻĄāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ēā§­] āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ āύāĻ•āĻļāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āύāĻž, āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ “āĻāχāϚāϟāĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻāϞ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāϕ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇”āĨ¤[ā§Ēā§Ž] āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰāĻž āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ē⧝]

    āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āχāωāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϞ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž) āĻ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āχāωāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāύ⧇āϰ ā§¨ā§Š āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ģā§Ļ] āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āχāωāϰ⧋āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ⧇āϰ āχāĻ‚āϞāĻŋāĻļ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄā§‡ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ) āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ģā§§] āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāσ āĻĢāϰ āĻ…āĻĨāĻžāϰāϏ, āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟāϰāϏ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāϏ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§­), āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽāύāĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞāĻĨ āĻ—āĻ­āĻ°ā§āύāĻŽā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāϏ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ “āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ” āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ “āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ“ āĻĄā§‡āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϟāĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āφāϰ⧋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§€āϞāĻŋāϤ, āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϤāĻžāχ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­ā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤”[ā§Ģ⧍]

    āϜāĻžāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§€ āĻāϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āύāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āϏ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇-āϝāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻœā§āϝ⧇ āĻāĻŽāύāϟāĻŋāχ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āϏāĻĢā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š) āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻĄāĻžāĻ°ā§āύ āĻšāĻŋāωāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāϟāĻŋāϏ āϰāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ āĻāϏ⧋āϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻļāύ āĻāϰ āĻāĻŽāĻāχāϚāφāϰāĻ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍)-āϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ģā§Š] āĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāĻĄāĻžāϤ⧇, āĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ, āĻ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄ āϟ⧁ āϰāĻžāχāϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟāĻŋāĻ‚ (⧧⧝⧝⧭) āĻāϰ āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇, āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ģā§Ē] āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇, āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž- āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ—ā§‹ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š)- āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ģā§Ģ] āχāϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž, āχāϞāĻž āύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ­ā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāϞ⧇ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝)[ā§Ģā§Ŧ]-āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āύ⧇āχ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āϏāĻĢāϟ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āφāύ⧁āĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž,āϗ⧁āχāĻĻāĻž āĻĻāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāϞ⧇ āχāϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋ (⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ)-āϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ “āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇” āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ģā§­]

    āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž

    āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻļ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§€ āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āύāĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻŋāĻ•, āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§€āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāύāĻŦāĻžāĻĻ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ, āφāĻ•āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϰāρāϏ⧇āϜ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻ­āĻžāώ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻāĻŋāĻ•āϏāĻŋāĻ“āύ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āϝ āϞāĻžāĻ•āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻŽāĻŋ āĻĢā§āϰāρāϏ⧇āϜ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Ģā§Ž] ⧧⧝⧝⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āύāĻžāχ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāϞāĻŋāϤ-āϝāĻž āϐāϤāĻŋāĻšāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžā§āϜāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻļ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻāĻ•āχ āϰāĻ•āĻŽāĨ¤ āĻāϏ⧋āϏāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻļāύ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻļ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϜ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽā§€āϏ āĻāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—, āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāϏāĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ“āϞāĻž, āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ•āĻļāύāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ“ āĻĻ⧇ āϞāĻž āϞ⧇āĻ™ā§āϗ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻāϏāĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ“āϞāĻž, āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻļ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻžāĻŽāϤ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ģ⧝] ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āύāĻžāχ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĨ¤ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻāĻŽāĻĢāĻŋāϞ⧁āύāϗ⧇āύ āĻĻ⧇āϏ āϰāĻžāϟāϏ āĻĢā§āϰ⧁ āĻĻā§‹āĻāϤāĻšā§‡ āϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āϤāϏāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻŦ⧁āĻ‚ (“āĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāϞ āĻĢāϰ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ“āϰāĻĨā§‹āĻ—ā§āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĢāĻŋ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻ• āϏ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻļāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ”) (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ)-āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āύāĻžāχāĨ¤[ā§Ŧā§Ļ] āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞāϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž, āĻĄā§āĻĄā§‡āύ, āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŦāĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āϜāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāϧāĻžāύ,[ā§Ŧā§§] āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧁āϟāĻŋāĨ¤[ā§Ŧ⧍]

    āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž

    āĻ•āϤāĻŋāĻĒāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻšā§‡āϤ⧁ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϧāĻŋāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤāĨ¤[ā§Ŧā§Š] āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ—āχ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ—āĻ āύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇-āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤[ā§Ŧā§Ē] āϤāĻžāĻ›āĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻž, āĻŦāĻšā§ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝāϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇[ā§Ŧā§Ģ] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀āϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ• āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ŧā§Ŧ] āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖāĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ⧂āĻĒ,āĻĒāϕ⧇āϟ āχāĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāϟāϏ āĻ—āĻžāχāĻĄ āϟ⧁ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĒāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ•āϚ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϏāύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ) āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āϤāĻž āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ “āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ” āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŽ āĻāϞāĻ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ŧā§­] āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāχāĻŦ⧇āϞ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē) -āĻ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ “āχāĻ‚āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇āχ āϏāĻšāϜ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāχ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϭ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļāĻžāϞ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻŋāύāĻŋ āĻāϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϚāĻžāĻšā§āϛ⧇āύ āϤāĻžāρāϕ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻ—ā§‹ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻĢ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāχāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϞāĨ¤”[ā§Ŧā§Ž]

    āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āϝ⧁āĻ—

    āĻŽā§‚āϞ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ: Sentence spacing in digital media

    āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝ⧁āϗ⧇, āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāϕ⧇āĻœā§‡ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻžāϞāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āϝāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧇ āϤāĻžāχ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŽā§‹āĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϝāĻ–āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻšā§‡āĻˇā§āϟāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ āĻŸā§āϰāĻĢ āĻ“āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏ, āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻŽāύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϏāĻžāϜāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϝāĻž āφāϗ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻĒ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāϤāĨ¤[ā§Ŧ⧝]

    āχāĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āϰ āϏ⧇āχāϏāĻŦ āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāĻŦ⧁āĻāĻŋ āϰ⧋āϧ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤāϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āχāĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇ āϤāĻž āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϏāϟāĻŋ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϏ-āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ-āĻĄāĻžāĻŦāϞ-āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϏ-āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ .[ā§­ā§Ļ] The āĻ­āĻŋāφāχ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻ•āĻ“ āĻāχ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇; āĻĢāϞ⧇, āχāĻŽāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ“ āĻ­āĻŋāφāχ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϤ⧁āϞāύāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻšāϝāĻŧ (āϜāĻžāĻŽā§āĻĒ āĻ“āĻ­āĻžāϰ, āĻ•āĻĒāĻŋ, āĻĄāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟ)āĨ¤

    āχāωāύāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻŸā§āϰāĻĢ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧇āώ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§­ā§§] āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤāϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻžāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϞāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇āϰ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŸā§āϰāĻĢ⧇āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āϰāĻŖāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϤ⧇,[⧭⧍] āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ, āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ, āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻŽāϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻŋāĻļā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āϞāĻžāχāύ āĻĢāĻŋāĻĄ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­āϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻļāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϤāĨ¤

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    āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‡āĻ• āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ “āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ-āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀” āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋāύāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύāĻļā§€āϞ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϝāĻž āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ “āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ-āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ” āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

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    āĻāĻ•āĻžāϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχāĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻœā§‡ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāϏāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āύāĻžāχ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āϤāĻž āϏāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāϪ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ“ āφāϛ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ āϏāĻŋāĻāϏāĻāϏ āĻšā§‹āϝāĻŧāĻžāχāϟ-āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋ, āĻ“ <pre> āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āĨ¤ āϟ⧁āχāϟāĻžāϰ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦāϏāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āĻļ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāχāϚāϟāĻŋāĻāĻŽāĻāϞ-āĻ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āφāϛ⧇ āϝāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻŖā§āĻŖ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύāσ āĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ, āĻāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ, āĻ“ āύāύ-āĻŦā§āϰ⧇āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ. āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āχāωāύāĻŋāϕ⧋āĻĄ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ“ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻŖā§āĻŖ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

    āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•

    āĻœā§‡āĻŽāϏ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻŋāϏāĻŋ, āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāϟ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāϞ āĻ…āĻĢ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋ āĻāϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•, āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āĻšāϞ “āĻāĻŽāύ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϝāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ … āφāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻāϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇, āĻāχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύāϟāĻŋ āφāĻŽāĻŋ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻļ⧁āύāĻŋ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āϖ⧁āρāϜāϞ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϚ⧁āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇”āĨ¤[ā§Ŧ] āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāϟāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āφāϜ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ• āφāϛ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ…āύ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻāϤāϟāĻž āĻ—āĻ­ā§€āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāĻŽā§‚āϞ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻĻāϞāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻŦ āύāĻžāĨ¤[ā§­ā§Š] āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇āϰāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏ⧌āĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻ°ā§āϝ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§­ā§Ē] āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āφāϰ⧋ āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ• āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ-āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āϜāĻŽāĻž āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āωāĻĻāĻžāĻšāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϞ āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻĄ āĻāϰ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāύ, āϕ⧁āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ, ⧧⧍-āĻĒāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ,[ā§­ā§Ģ] āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āϚāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰāύāĻžāĻŸā§āϝ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧁āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽāχ āĻĒāĻ›āĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻ°â€”āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§­ā§Ŧ] āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻžāϏāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧇ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāϜāĻ¸ā§āĻŦ āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āωāϚāĻŋāϤ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāϕ⧇āϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰāĻžāĻ“ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§­ā§­]

    āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧁āĻĻā§āϧ⧇ āϜāύāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻšāϞ āϝ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻĄ āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϤāĻžāϰ āφāϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ āύ⧇āχāĨ¤ [ā§­ā§Ž] āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“, āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻļāϤ āĻļāϤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻ“ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ— āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āϝāĻ–āύ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āφāϏ⧇, āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āϤāĻŋāύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϤāĨ¤[⧧⧝] āĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻŦāĻĻāϞ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻāĻŽ-āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧇ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻĄ āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ,[⧭⧝] āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŽā§‹āύ⧋āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻĄ āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻāĻ–āύ⧋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Žā§Ļ] āϟāĻžāχāĻĒāϰāĻžāχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āϝāĻžāϞāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•ā§āώāϰ āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋ āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋāχ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤āĨ¤[ā§§ā§§] āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀āϤ⧇ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Žā§§]

    āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻļ⧈āϞ⧀ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āφāϜ āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϝāĻĨāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ,[ā§Ē⧍] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋāϰāĻ­āĻžāĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ• āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āϏ⧇āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϚāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦā§‡â€”ā§‡āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻ‚āĻŦāϞāĻŋāϤāĨ¤[ā§Žā§¨] āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϰ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝ⧇āύ āĻĒāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄā§āϞāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋ āϜāĻŽāĻž āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧇,[ā§Žā§Š] āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϏ⧂āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§‚āĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āφāϗ⧇ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĢ⧇āϞāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Žā§Ē]

    āϕ⧇āϤāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāύāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āĻāϞāϏ⧇āĻ­āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻĢāϰāĻžāϏāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ—āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ

    āĻŽā§‚āϞ āύāĻŋāĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ: Sentence spacing studies

    āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϚ⧁āϰ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āφāĻ›ā§‡â€”āĻĻ⧁āχāĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻžāχāĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•āϰāĻž āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻŦāχ, āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āĻžāϜāĻŋāύ, āĻ“ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āφāĻĻāĻ°ā§āĻļ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇, āϏāĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇ āϤāĻž āĻ…āĻĻā§āϭ⧁āϤ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ, āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž “āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāϰāϏ” āĻ“ “āĻšā§‹āϞāϏ” āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāϏāĻžāϧāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Žā§Ģ] āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻ…āϤāĻŋāϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāĻ āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝāϤāĻž āĻŦ⧃āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϕ⧇ āφāϰ⧋ āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧇,[ā§Žā§Ŧ] āĻĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāϤ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āϤāĻž āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ– āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āϝāĻĻāĻŋāĻ“, āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāĻ–āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāύ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŦāĻšāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ­ā§‚āϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Žā§­] ” āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ›āĻžāĻĒāĻžāϰ āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝāϤāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āύāϝāĻŧ,”[ā§Žā§Ž] āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āϝāĻ–āύ āϏāϰāĻžāϏāϰāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ, āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻšā§€āύ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāĻ¤â€”āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻœā§āĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻ°â€”āϭ⧁āϞ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§Žā§¯] āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻšāϜāĻĒāĻžāĻ ā§āϝ (āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧃āĻļā§āϝāϤ āφāύāĻ¨ā§āĻĻāĻĻāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ•) āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻĒāĻžāϠ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāϏāĻžāϧāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦ⧈āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[⧝ā§Ļ]

    āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āφāϛ⧇ āϞ⧋āĻš, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻžā§āϚ, āϏāĻŋāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋āĻ…āύ, āĻ“ āφāϞāĻŋ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍); āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāϟāύ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻžā§āϚ, āĻšā§‹āϞāϏ⧁, āĻ“ āϏāĻŋāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύ⧋āĻ…āύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š); āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āύāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻžā§āϚ, āĻ“ āϏ⧇āύ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē), āϝ⧇āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋāχ āĻāĻ•āĻ•, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āϤāĻŋāύāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āύāĻžāχāĨ¤[⧝⧧] ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻ“ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇, ” ‘āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāϞāϟāĻŋ’ āϧāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ ‘āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĻāϞāϟāĻŋ’ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āύāĻŋāĻšā§āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āĻļ⧇āώ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇” āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ āύ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ ” āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āφāϛ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻž”āĨ¤[⧝⧍] ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Š āĻ“ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āĻ•, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻ“ āϤāĻŋāύāϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āωāĻ­āϝāĻŧ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇, āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϝ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āφāϏāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ āύāĻžāĨ¤[ā§¯ā§Š] āύāĻŋ, āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāĻžā§āϚ, āϏ⧇āύ āĻ“ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāϟāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļ⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϚāϞāĻ• āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻ•āϰāĻž āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧇ āωāĻĒāύ⧀āϤ āĻšāύ āϝ⧇ “āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§‡ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ āϏāĻŽāϝāĻŧ āĻ“ āĻŦ⧁āĻāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻžāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āωāĻ˛ā§āϞ⧇āĻ–āϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ āϰāĻžāϖ⧇ āĻāχ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āϏāϰāĻŦāϰāĻžāĻš āĻ•āϰ⧇

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ•ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϧāĻžāύ(Sentence spacing)

  • āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ(pronunciation)

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ(pronunciation)

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ (pronunciation) (āϏāĻ‚. āĻ‰ā§Ž + √ āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋ + āĻ…āύ) āĻšāϞ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§€āĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āφāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϝ⧇ (āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤāĻžāϧ⧀āύ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ / agreed-upon) āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ (“āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖâ€) āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϝ⧇āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāχ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖāĨ¤

    āϕ⧋āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āϐ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡āϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•āϏ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻšā§‡āĻžā§āϜ āĻĢāϰāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‡āϰ (GIF) āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• Gifāϕ⧇ Jif āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤[ā§§]

    āĻļ⧈āĻļāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āώ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϞ, āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āφāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϞ, āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϤāĻŋ-āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ–[⧍] , āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€, āύ⧃āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ[ā§Š] āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϭ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ(pronunciation)

    āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāώāĻž

    āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ (Phone) āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁⧇āώāϰ āĻ•āĻŖā§āĻ  āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonetics)āĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāϕ⧇āĻ•āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋāχ āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ (Phoneme)āĨ¤[ā§Ē] āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ“ āĻ–āĻžāϞ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ– āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻ• āĻ“ āĻ– āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonemics) āĻŦāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ (phonology) āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāϚāϰāĻžāϚāϰ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ (IPA) āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āϤāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ģ]

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ(pronunciation)

    āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāώāĻž(Terminology)

    āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ (Phone) āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁⧇āώāϰ āĻ•āĻŖā§āĻ  āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonetics)āĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāϕ⧇āĻ•āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋāχ āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ (Phoneme)āĨ¤[ā§Ē] āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ“ āĻ–āĻžāϞ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ– āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻ• āĻ“ āĻ– āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonemics) āĻŦāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ (phonology) āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāϚāϰāĻžāϚāϰ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ (IPA) āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āϤāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ģ]

    āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāώāĻž

    āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ (Phone) āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁⧇āώāϰ āĻ•āĻŖā§āĻ  āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonetics)āĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāϕ⧇āĻ•āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋāχ āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ (Phoneme)āĨ¤[ā§Ē] āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ“ āĻ–āĻžāϞ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ– āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻ• āĻ“ āĻ– āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonemics) āĻŦāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ (phonology) āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāϚāϰāĻžāϚāϰ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ (IPA) āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āϤāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ(pronunciation)

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ (āϏāĻ‚. āĻ‰ā§Ž + √ āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋ + āĻ…āύ) āĻšāϞ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āϰ⧀āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻ­āĻ™ā§āĻ—ā§€āĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āϕ⧋āύ āĻ…āĻžā§āϚāϞ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞāĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āφāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϝ⧇ (āϏāĻŽā§āĻŽāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤāĻžāϧ⧀āύ⧇ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ / agreed-upon) āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰāĻŽā§āĻĒāϰāĻž āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ (“āϏāĻ āĻŋāĻ• āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖâ€) āĻŦāϞāĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž āϕ⧋āύāĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϝ⧇āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āύ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻžāχ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖāĨ¤

    āϕ⧋āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāύāĻžāύ āϐ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰāϞ⧇āĻ“ āϤāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋāϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖāϕ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ āϭ⧁āϞ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϏāĻŽā§‚āĻšā§‡āϰ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϤāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•āϏ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻšā§‡āĻžā§āϜ āĻĢāϰāĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§‡āϰ (GIF) āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• Gifāϕ⧇ Jif āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤[ā§§]

    āĻļ⧈āĻļāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻ‚āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āώ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻĒā§āϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϞ, āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āφāĻŦāĻžāϏāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāϞ, āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϰ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āϏāĻ™ā§āĻ—āϤāĻŋ-āĻ…āϏ⧁āĻ–[⧍] , āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϜāĻŋāĻ• āĻļā§āϰ⧇āĻŖā§€, āύ⧃āĻ—ā§‹āĻˇā§āĻ ā§€ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻž āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ[ā§Š] āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖāϭ⧇āĻĻ⧇ āĻĻāϞ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āĨ¤

    āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŖ(pronunciation)

    āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāώāĻž(Terminology)

    āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋ (Phone) āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁⧇āώāϰ āĻ•āĻŖā§āĻ  āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϰ⧂āĻĒ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖā§āϝ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϝ⧇ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ āϤāĻž āĻšāϞ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonetics)āĨ¤ āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŦ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāϕ⧇āĻ•āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻ¸ā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§€āϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻŋāϰ⧋āϧ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋāχ āĻāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ (Phoneme)āĨ¤[ā§Ē] āϏāĻšāϜāĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻ—āϤ āĻāĻ•āĻ•āχ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ:- āĻ•āĻžāϞ āĻ“ āĻ–āĻžāϞ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āĻ• āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ– āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āϘāĻŸā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϤāĻžāχ āĻ• āĻ“ āĻ– āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽāĨ¤ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽ-āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ (phonemics) āĻŦāĻž āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ (phonology) āφāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻž āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϏ⧁āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻšā§āϚāĻžāϰāϪ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻšāĻŋāϏ⧇āĻŦ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϏāϚāϰāĻžāϚāϰ āφāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ°ā§āϜāĻžāϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ§ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāϞāĻžāϰ (IPA) āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āϤāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖā§€āĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤[ā§Ģ]

  • āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (Complementary Numerals )

    āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (Complementary Numerals )

    āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ•/āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž(Complementary Numerals ) āĻšāϞ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϤāĻ¤ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āχ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϏāĻŽāĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāύāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤[ā§§][⧍] āĻāχ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻ•āĻžāĻ āĻŋ āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāϝāĻŧāϤāύ, āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦ, āĻŦāϝāĻŧāϏ āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧃āϤāĻŋ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻŦāĻŋāώāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϤāĻ•āϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻžāϜāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϝāĻĨāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ, āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ, āϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧ, āϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤

    āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ āĻšāϞ āĻāχ āϝ⧇, āĻāϰāĻž āωāĻĻā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻžāĨ¤

    āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž

    (Complementary Numerals )āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝ⧇āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇, āϝ⧇āĻŽāύ ā§§āĻŽ, ⧍āϝāĻŧ, ā§ŠāϝāĻŧ, ā§ĒāĻ°ā§āĻĨ, ā§§ā§ĻāĻŽ, ā§§ā§§āĻļ āχāĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāĻĻāĻŋāĨ¤ āϤāĻŦ⧇ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ ā§Šā§ŽāĻļ (āĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ) āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤ⧀ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϚāϞāĻŋāϤ āύāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ– āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āĻĒāϝāĻŧāϞāĻž, āĻĻā§‹āϏāϰāĻž, āϤ⧇āϏāϰāĻž, āϚ⧌āĻ āĻž, āĻĒāĻžāρāϚāχ, āĻ›āωāχ āĻĒā§āϰāϭ⧃āϤāĻŋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āφāĻ āĻžāϰ⧋āχ (ā§§ā§Žāχ) āĻāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻŋ āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ ‘āĻļ⧇’ āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŖāϝāĻŧ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

    āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (Complementary Numerals )

    ā§§ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž

    āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻāĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻ
    ā§§āĻāĻ•āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽā§Šā§ĢāĻĒāρāϝāĻŧāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻļāĻĒāĻžā§āϚāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§Ŧ⧝āϊāύāϏāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāϊāύāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ⧍āĻĻ⧁āχāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ⧀āϝāĻŧā§Šā§ŦāĻ›āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻļāώāĻŸā§â€ŒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§ĻāϏāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§ŠāϤāĻŋāύāϤ⧃āϤ⧀āϝāĻŧā§Šā§­āϏāĻžāρāχāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻļāϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§§āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻāĻ•āϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§ĒāϚāĻžāϰāϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĨā§Šā§ŽāφāϟāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻļāĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ⧭⧍āĻŦāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§ĢāĻĒāĻžāρāϚāĻĒāĻžā§āϚāĻŽā§Šā§¯āϊāύāϚāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāϊāύāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§ŠāϤāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§ŦāĻ›āϝāĻŧāώāĻˇā§āĻ ā§Ēā§ĻāϚāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§ĒāϚ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāϚāϤ⧁āσāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§­āϏāĻžāϤāϏāĻĒā§āϤāĻŽā§Ēā§§āĻāĻ•āϚāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāĻāĻ•āϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§ĢāĻĒāρāϚāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻĒāĻžā§āϚāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§ŽāφāϟāĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāĻŽā§Ē⧍āĻŦāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§ŦāĻ›āĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāώāĻŸā§â€ŒāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ⧝āύāϝāĻŧāύāĻŦāĻŽā§Ēā§ŠāϤ⧇āϤāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāĻ¤ā§āϰāϝāĻŧāĻļā§āϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§­āϏāĻžāϤāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§§ā§ĻāĻĻāĻļāĻĻāĻļāĻŽā§Ēā§ĒāϚ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāϚāϤ⧁āσāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§­ā§ŽāφāϟāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϤāĻŋ
    ā§§ā§§āĻāĻ—āĻžāϰ⧋āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĻāĻļā§Ēā§ĢāĻĒāρāϝāĻŧāϤāĻžāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāĻĒāĻžā§āϚāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļ⧭⧝āϊāύāφāĻļāĻŋāϊāύāĻžāĻļā§€āϤāĻŋ
    ⧧⧍āĻŦāĻžāϰ⧋āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻļā§Ēā§Ŧāϛ⧇āϚāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāώāĻŸā§â€ŒāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§Žā§ĻāφāĻļāĻŋāĻ…āĻļā§€āϤāĻŋ
    ā§§ā§ŠāϤ⧇āϰ⧋āĻ¤ā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āĻĻāĻļā§Ēā§­āϏāĻžāϤāϚāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāϏāĻĒā§āϤāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§Žā§§āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻāĻ•āĻžāĻļā§€āϤāĻŋ
    ā§§ā§ĒāϚ⧌āĻĻā§āĻĻāϚāϤ⧁āĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻļā§Ēā§ŽāφāϟāϚāĻ˛ā§āϞāĻŋāĻļāĻ…āĻˇā§āϟāϚāĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚āĻļā§Žā§¨āĻŦāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻŦā§āϝāĻļā§€āϤāĻŋ
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    āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (Complementary Numerals )

    āĻĒā§‚āϰāĻŖāĻŦāĻžāϚāĻ• āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž (Complementary Numerals )

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